Mind Mapping


I Putu Arik Budiarsana
serindingindah@gmail.com

Before the writer turns to write his paper, he must be in the brainstorming stage where he is supposed to generate ideas that will be developed further in his writing. What do you want your writing look like? How to develop the ideas? Those ideas might be encountered by the writer before he turns to pour his ideas into writing. To develop ideas well, the writer needs techniques rather than just listing the ideas that want to be developed.
Many techniques can be used to develop ideas. One of the techniques is by mind mapping the ideas. Mendoza (2010) defines mind mapping as a form of “creative note taking” that is used map out the ideas in a similar way of how human’s brain processes them. Earlier than Mendoza, Jones (2009) has actually argued that through mind mapping, a general interest will be focused and branched off into the specifics of that interest. Once being finished mapping the idea, the diagram of mind map will give a visual of different ideas that are the sub parts of a larger key idea. Fleming (n.d.) concludes that in the process of writing, mind map can be made use during brainstorming.
Mind mapping is very advantageous since it enables the writer to observe the relationship between ideas, and to ease him to classify certain ideas together as they proceed. Mind maps work well during the production of ideas, and make the task livelier and more enjoyable (Steele, 2005). In addition, mind map can also activate the right brain. Mind mapping apparently encourages right-brain thinking such as stream-of-consciousness, symbolic, ‘big picture’ oriented. It is better than lying out the ideas in a linear way, for example arranging concepts in a structured method, since the linear way leads our brain to be limited to the left-brain that is logical, ordered, and detail-ordered (Joy, 2011).
To use mind map, first of all, think the topic over and look for possible sub ideas and branches from the main topic. Afterwards, write what was thought onto a paper. Once being able to get some relationships connected, re-examining the relationship between ideas is considered important to avoid misconnection. Discussing it to other people can make the mind map grow with the increased input of new ideas (Mind Mapping Software Reviews, n.d.).
Steele (2005) adds that before the mind map is ready to be turned into writing, it is important to organize first the mind map. Organizing the mind map into a linear format eases the writer to decide the best way to present their points. The writer should first think about the overall structure such as the order in which to relay the information, and then focus on the precise function each paragraph will have in their final text, as this helps to clarify their writing. 

References
 
Fleming, G. (n.d.). Brainstorming Techniques. Retrieved December 4, 2011, from About.com: http://homeworktips.about.com/od/homeworkhelp/a/brainstorming.htm
Jones, S. (2009). Mind Maps – Brainstorming Tool for Ideas and Topic Focus. Retrieved December 3, 2011, from Spunky Jones SEO Blog: http://www.spunkyjones.com/mind-maps-brainstorming-tool-ideas-topic/
Joy, L. A. (2011). 5 Different Ways Writers Can Use Mind Mapping. Retrieved December 4,
2011, from Writing Thoughts: http://www.writingthoughts.com/?p=1188
Mendoza, M. (2010). Mind Mapping: Turning Ideas Into Content. Retrieved December 3, 2011, from PC Media: http://www.davidrisley.com/mind-mapping-turning-ideas-into-content/
Mind Mapping Software Reviews. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2011, from Graphics.org: http://www.graphic.org/mind-mapping-software/

Photos: The Old Kampus Bawah

Here are some photos of kampus bawah which were taken before the deconstruction.

1. The main entrance


2. The other entrance


3. The front face


4. The front face of Lobby


5. Open stage from the left side



6. Audio Lab & TU room



7. Friends from Arts Department


8. Go Inside and find the I-MHERE room


9. Hall 62.1


10. Hall 62.2


11. Hall 62.3


12. Kandang Ayam


13. Lecturers' rooms


14. Multimedia room


15. Pohon Kamboja yang amat rindang


16. Room 5A



17. Security post


All of these buildings or rooms saves many sweet memories which could not be found elsewhere. 

A VISIT TO “CHILDREN HOUSE”: TEACHING IS NOT EASY AT ALL

I Putu Arik Budiarsana
serindingindah@gmail.com

This Monday, we were so lucky to get a chance to have a visit to Children Houseat Jimbaran. It is a pre-school which offers English as the main and the only communication medium used in the classroom. We had a very rare chance to have a look at activities both in the classroom and outside the classroom, to observe the classroom materials, to get known of the lesson plan and syllabus, and also to have a discussion with the teachers.
The activities arranged both in the classroom and outside the classroom are found so different from the activities conducted in the other pre-schools, especially the state ones. The teaching-learning process is conducted using the syllabus that the teachers and staffs themselves develop.So, it has a little possibility to be similar as other school. The syllabus, lesson plan, and the activities are developed on the purpose of nurturing children’s nature. The nature or the environment becomes the main concern of the schools. Children are persuaded to respect and save the nature throughout the activities planned by the school staffs.
To be effective in nurturing children’s nature, the children are taught with two teachers who each of them should play different roles in the classroom. One should teach the materials and another should maintain the behavior of the children. The purpose of the teacher assistant during the teaching and learning is to avoid the teaching-learning disruption. Take for example when there is a child crying. To avoid other children for being bothered, the teacher assistant will try to make that child calm and avoid the spread to the other children.
Furthermore, in nurturing children, the school and the teachers always keep contacting the parents. It is for the better development of the children since the children are not only at schools for the whole day. Parents are expected to know what the children’s development at school. Teachers usually keep reporting the children’s lack and try to solve it together. The school usually provides a parent-teacher meeting to talk about it at the end of each semester. Parents are usually very helpful to improve the children’s achievement.
From theinformation above, I think being teacher, if it is done seriously, is not easy as I think before.Besides transferring knowledge, the teacher should be able to communicate well with the parents. The teacher should record the children’s development and report it in the certain time that is agreed.
Teacher needs also to concern on how the children are nurtured, to persuade the children to be aware of the nature and environment. Teacher must be carefully aware with the activities conducted. Mistakes are likely to emerge in threating the students’ attitude towards the safe nature and environment. I clarify this by illustrating the example of mistake that I got from the discussion in the Children House. To celebrate the independence day of Indonesia, one dayin August, the schools held a competition of ell trolling. The game is a sort of game that is very well-known within the children since it is common to be done somewhere within the society. However, an E-mail came from a parent who complained the competition. It is since the parent was so difficult explaining the competition in which the children thought it was cruel. The game ignored the feeling of the eel which the children made fun during the competition. Thus, the teacher should plan the activity carefully in the adjustment with the mission of the school themselves; it is to develop the students’ nature and to keep the nature or environment.

ICEAC I 2011: A GOOD STARTING POINT TO BE CONTINUED


Singaraja-Bali: The First International Conference “English across Culture” was successfully held at October, 20 and 21, 2011 in Undiksha. All designed agendas were fully well-held. The two-day conference has been appreciated by the participants and also the keynotes speakers.
This first move is considered as a positive move that should be continued subsequently. This was said by Itje Chodidjah, one of the keynote speakers, who was invited by the committee. Itche, who is a teacher counselor and trainer, got good impressions of the organization of the conference. She suggested the committees to continue the organization of this conference because it is very good to help improving Indonesia teachers, especially English teachers.
The same opinion comes from Rowena Nuera. She, who is a lecturer of University of South Eastern Philippines, said that the conference was held very greatly. She had attended many similar conferences and she felt that ICEAC could be considered as successful as other conferences in other countries. It was actually a very good achievement that should stimulate the committees to keep holding the conference in the following years.
The conference, however, did not fully please all the participants. Critics cannot be denied to pop up. One of the local participants from Undiksha S2, Dewi Somidiatri, suggested the committees to have a fix schedule in the guidance book and announced the changes clearly. It was related to the cancelation of some speakers who did not inform that they were not there presenting their paper. She also felt necessary to improve the quality of the speakers since the level of the conference was adorably international.
Ruwena strengthened the opinion of Dewi. She felt that the organization of the room was a bit problematic. Though she liked the parallelism of the room, she felt so tired to move from Kampus Tengah to Kampus Bawah and then went back to Kampus Tengah. It was not like she got in the other conferences she attended.
The weakness of this year conference should not break the enthusiasm of the committees to hold the conference in the following years. It was the first time for the committees to hold it. But now, they can learn from those weaknesses to hold the next better conference. (Arik)

DEKAN JANJI PENUHI FASILITAS BELAJAR DESEMBER 2011

Singaraja: Dekan Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Prof. Dr. Putu Kerti Nitiasih, M.A, berjanji untuk memenuhi fasilitas belajar menagajar di kampus bawah pada bulan Desember ini. Hal ini disampaikan beliau dalam audiensi, senin (3/10) kemarin, antara pihak dekanat dan pemimpin fungsionaris mahasiswa di lingkungan FBS.
Ibu dekan, dalam kesempatan itu, meminta permakluman seluruh mahasiswa dan dosen di lingkungan FBS atas kekurangan fasilitas belajar mengajar tersebut. Menurut beliau, gedung baru ini sebetulnya masih belum seratus persen rampung. Ditambahkan beliau, sebenarnya antara pihak kontraktor dan universitas belum ada proses serah terima. Fasilitas baru dapat dipenuhi setelah kontraktor menyelesaikan gedung D yang masih dibangun saat ini. Disamping itu pula, pemenuhan fasilitas ini masih harus menunggu anggaran selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu, Ibu dekan meminta seluruh mahasiswa dan dosen untuk lebih bersabar.
Seperti diketahui, gedung kuliah kampus bawah merupakan gedung hasil renovasi dan gedung baru yang dikerjakan sejak satu tahun yang lalu. Fasilitas masih sangat kurang di dalam gedung; Belum tersedianya LCD, AC, dan tempat sampah di setiap ruangan; Kursi yang masih jauh sedikit dibandingkan jumlah mahasiswa; Papan tulis tidak tersedia di semua ruangan. Hal yang paling mengganggu adalah suara keributan para kontraktor yang sedang membangun gedung D.
Dalam audiensi kemarin, Ibu dekan juga menghimbau seluruh civitas akademika FBS untuk bersama-sama merawat gedung yang baru ini. Beliau mengajak mahasiswa untuk menumbuhkan sebuah kebudayaan baru yaitu budaya disiplin seperti membuang sampah pada tempatnya, memarkir sepeda motor dengan benar dan rapi, berpenampilan sesuai dengan etika yang tersedia di buku pedoman, dan sikap disiplin lainnya. Beliau mengecam sekali tindakan tindakan bodoh mahasiswa yang tidak mencerminkan kedewasaan mahasiswa. Hal ini terkait temuan bapak PR I yang mendapati banyak jejak sepatu yang dengan sengaja di ‘ukir’ di dinding tembok. (Arik)

Photos: A Visit from English Department STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung


















ALUR PENDAFTARAN NATIONAL ENGLISH OLIMPIAD RAYON BALI


1. AMBIL FORMULIR DI:
- SEKOLAHMU
- DISINI
- www.englishmonth9.blogspot.com

2. BAYAR DI BANK:
BANK MANDIRI, 144-00-1216810-7 ATAS NAMA DHEVY NURDHIATI W.
SEBESAR RP 125,000.00
*SIMPAN BUKTI PEMBAYARAN

3. REGISTRASI ONLINE:
KIRIM E-MAIL DENGAN FORMAT:
Subject : REGISTRASI PESERTA NEO 2011 RAYON BALI
To : registrasi_bali_neo@yahoo.com
Cc : registrasi_neo@yahoo.com
Isi : RAYON BALI_NOMER TRANSAKSI BANK_ NAMA LENGKAP PESERTA_ASAL SEKOLAH

4. REGISTRASI ULANG:
Di Kampus Undiksha pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2011, hari H, dengan membawa:
- Formulir pendaftaran
- Fotokopi kartu pelajar sebanyak 2 lembar
- Foto 3X4 sebanyak 2 lembar
- Fotokopi bukti pembayaran dari bank Mandiri.

5. CHECKING:
Lihat di www.englishmonth9.blogspot.com untuk mengecek apakan sudah terdaftar atau belum.

NATIONAL ENGLISH OLYMPIAD: RAYON BALI

NATIONAL ENGLISH OLYMPIAD
Rayon Bali


A. GAMBARAN SINGKAT
Penyelenggara : Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)
Rayon Bali : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (Undiksha): HMJ Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Tanggal Pelaksanaan : 15 Oktober 2011
Tempat Pelaksanaan : Kampus Undiksha
Pendaftaran : 16 Agustus-13 Oktober 2011
Biaya Pendaptaran : Rp 125,000.00 (Pendaftaran Online)

B. DESKRIPSI KEGIATAN
National English Olympiad 2011 ini merupakan sebuah kompetisi akademis antar pelajar SMA/SMK/sederajat untuk menghasilkan seorang pelajar memiliki kualitas pemahaman dan kemampuan dalam bidang ilmu bahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini akan memperebutkan Piala Menteri Pendidikan Nasional, Piala Gubernur Jatim, Piala Walikota Malang, Piala Rektor Universitas Negeri Malang, piala Dekan Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang, dan piala Ketua Jurusan Sastra Inggris Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang. Untuk di Bali, UM bekerja sama dengan Undiksha untuk menyelenggarakan babak penyisishan.


C. PETUNJUK PELAKSANAAN

C.1. PESERTA
1. Peserta adalah pelajar SMA/MA/SMK sederajat diseluruh Indonesia.
2. Mendaptarkan diri ke Panitia National English Olympiad 2011 berdasarkan aturan yang telah ditetapkan. Alur pendaptaran bisa diunduh disini.
3. Peserta tidak diperbolehkan mengikuti National English Olympiad 2011 lebih dari satu rayon.
4. Masing-masing sekolah dapat mengirimkan peserta sebanyak-banyaknya.
5. Peserta wajib melihat informasi National English Olympiad 2011 di www.englishmonth9.blogspot.com
6. peserta yang sudah mendaftar atas namanya tidak dapat di gantikan dengan orang lain.
7. Apabila pada hari H pesrta tidak hadir, makapesrta dianggap gugur dan biaya pendaftaran tidak dapat ditarik.
8. Kartu tanda peserta akan diberikan pada saat registrasi ulang tanggal 15 Oktober 2011.
9. Peserta wajib memakai seragam sekolah dan bersepatu.
10. Setiap peserta wajib membawa dan memakai pensil 2B beserta karet penghapus.
11. Hal-hal lain akan dijelaskan pada saat Technical Meeting sebelum lomba dimulai.
12. seorang guru pendamping akan mendapatkan sertifikat apabila mendampingi minimal 5 peserta.

C.2 PENDAFTARAN
1. Pendaftaran dimulai tanggal 16 Agustus 2011 dan ditutup tanggal 13 Oktober 2011.
2. Setiap peserta wajib mendaftarkan diri dan membayar uang pendaftaran sebesar Rp 125,000.00/ orang khusus rayon Bali, Jambi dan Kalimantan.
3. Formulir pendaftaran dapat diperoleh di sekolah masing-masing atau diunduh disini.
4. Adapun alur pendaftaran adalah sebagai berikut:
a. Peserta mengambil kemudian mengisi formulir pendaftaran yang dapat diperoleh disekolah masing-masing atau download disini.
b. Setelah mengembalikan formulir, peserta National English Olympiad dapat membayar biaya pendaftaran ke nomor rekening Bank Mandiri 144-00-1216810-7 atas nama Dhevy Nurdhiati W. (untuk bukti pendaftaran dari Bank dimohonkan untuk disimpan untuk keperluan pendaftaran secara online dan daftar ulang)
c. Setelah mendapat nomor transaksi dari bank, peserta harus melakukan pendaftaran online (E-Mail) sebagai berikut:
• Mengirimkan data diri dengan mengisi:
 Subject : REGISTRASI PESERTA NEO 2011 RAYON BALI
 To : registrasi_bali_neo@yahoo.com
 CC : registrasi_neo@yahoo.com
• Adapun format isinya adalah sebagai berikut:
RAYON BALI_NOMER TRANSAKSI_NAMA LENGKAP PESERTA_ASAL SEKOLAH
5. Peserta atau perwakilan dari setiap sekolah yang tidak melakuakan registrasi ulang pada hari H dianggap mengundurkan diri dan biaya tidak dapat ditarik kembali.

ALUR PENDAFTARAN NATIONAL ENGLISH ILYNPIAD RAYON BALI
1. AMBIL FORMULIR DI:
- SEKOLAHMU
- DISINI
- www.englishmonth9.blogspot.com

2. BAYAR DI BANK:
BANK MANDIRI, 144-00-1216810-7 ATAS NAMA DHEVY NURDHIATI W.
SEBESAR RP 125,000.00
*SIMPAN BUKTI PEMBAYARAN

3. REGISTRASI ONLINE:
KIRIM E-MAIL DENGAN FORMAT:
Subject : REGISTRASI PESERTA NEO 2011 RAYON BALI
To : registrasi_bali_neo@yahoo.com
Cc : registrasi_neo@yahoo.com
Isi : RAYON BALI_NOMER TRANSAKSI BANK_ NAMA LENGKAP PESERTA_ASAL SEKOLAH

4. REGISTRASI ULANG:
Di Kampus Undiksha pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2011, hari H, dengan membawa:
- Formulir pendaftaran
- Fotokopi kartu pelajar sebanyak 2 lembar
- Foto 3X4 sebanyak 2 lembar
- Fotokopi bukti pembayaran dari bank Mandiri.

5. CHECKING:
Lihat di www.englishmonth9.blogspot.com untuk mengecek apakan sudah terdaftar atau belum.

C.3 METODA PELAKSAKSANAAN
1. Babak Penyisihan (Di Singaraja, Bali)
Babak penyisihan dilaksanakan dengan tes tulis dan dalam waktu yang bersamaandengan rayon lainnya, yang terdiri dari dua seleksi, yaitu:
a. Preliminary 1
b. Preliminary 2
2. Babak Quarterfinal (Di Malang, UM)
Babak ini diikuti oleh seluruh peserta yang lolos pada babak penyisihan tiap rayon.
3. Babak Semifinal (Di Malang, UM)
Babak semifinal diikuti oleh 50% dari peserta yang lolos pada babak quarterfinal.
4. Babak Final (Di Malang, UM)
Babak final diikuti oleh 6 peserta yang lolos pada babak semifinal.

C.4 SUSUNAN ACARA
Rundown Preliminary Rounds Sabtu, 15 Oktober 2011
NO WAKTU (WITA) ACARA
1 07.00-08.00 Daftar Ulang
2 08.00-08.30 Opening Ceremony
3 08.30-09.00 Technical Meeting Preliminary 1
4 09.00-11.00 Preliminary 1
5. 11.00-13.00 Istirahat
6. 13.00-13.30 Technical Meeting Preliminary 2
7 13.30-15.00 Preliminary 2
8. 15.00-15.30 Pengumunan Pemenang

SURYA TERPILIH MENJADI KETUA PANITIA AKM FBS 2011

Singaraja : I Komang Surya Atmaja dari Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang DIII terpilih menjadi ketua panitia Ajang Kreativitas Mahasiswa (AKM) FBS 2011 dalam rapat Senat Mahasiswa (SM) FBS selasa (23/8) kemarin. Surya menang secara mufakat dengan mengalahkan dua calon lainnya, Ni Putu Novita Sari dari Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris dan Nyoman Wisnu Adiguna dari Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang DIII.
Dalam pemilihan ketua panitia kemarin, Surya sebenarnya ragu untuk menerima tawaran atau pencalonan yang dilakukan rekannya di SMFBS. Akan tetapi, Surya merasa lebih percaya diri setelah mendapat dukungan yang banyak dari teman-temanya di SMFBS. Dia pun berharap mendapat dukungan dan bantuan dari semua pihak pada saat persiapan atau pelaksanaan kegiatan nantinya.

Terpilihnya Surya sebagai ketua panitia disambut baik oleh Ketua SMFBS, Dewa Putu Aditya Purwa. Saat dihubungi lewat telepon seluler, dia mengatakan bahwa Surya memang orang yang tepat untuk memimpin pelaksanaan AKM tahun ini. Hal ini dikarenakan Surya merupakan orang sigap dan siap untuk bekerja keras. Lagi pula, kerjanya sudah terbukti dalam beberapa kegiatan-kegiatan SMFBS sebelumnya.
Adit berharap Surya mampu merangkul teman-teman di kepanitiaan AKM 2011 dan menggerakkan teman-teman di FBS yang mungkin memiliki komitmen untuk mensukseskan AKM pada khususnya dan memajukan FBS pada umumnya.
Mengenai konsep AKM tahun ini, adit menyatakan akan berkoordinasi dengan Surya untuk melaksanakan acara yang lebih sederhana tapi jauh lebih elegan. Maksud dari pernyataan Adit ini mungkin pada pelaksanaan Malam Gelar Seni FBS yang terkenal sangat glamor dan berkualitas. Namun pada tahun ini Adit seakan ingin mengurangi ke-glamoran panggung khususnya tapi meningkatkan kualitas acara didalamnya.
Perlu diketahui, AKM merupakan sebuah program kerja terbesar yang diprogramkan SMFBS. AKM seperti kepanjangannya merupakan sebuah kesempatan bagi mahasiswa untuk menyalurkan kreativitasnya. Kesempatan untuk berkreativitas dapat disalurkan dalam kegiatan-kegiatan antara lain Lomba Debat Aktivis se-FBS, Lomba Fotografi, Malam Gelar Seni (MGS), dan beberapa kegiatan lainnya.(Arik Budiarsana)

Hospitality Event: Respecting Others and Emerging Solidarity


EED BRAVO! : Ramah Tamah (Ratam) of English Education Department (REED) was held on August 21st, 2011 at Wisma Nangun Kerti, Pancasari. This event aimed to introduce English Education Department (EED) to new students of EED.
The theme of REED 2011 was “HEROES”. It’s an abbreviation of “Hospitality Event: Respecting Others and Emerging Solidarity”. In regard of the meaning of the theme, agendas within the REED 2011 were arranged to help students respecting others and emerging solidarity. They were a yell competition among the group of new students and also among committees, games, out bond, and king and queen election.
Since the theme was HEROES, the students were asked to wear a costume of the particular hero and its attributes. Ten heroes were chosen as the name of the group since the students were divided into ten. They were Firestorm, Bloodwynd, Zorro, Batman, Doctor Fate, Static, Hawkman, The Phantom Stranger, Nursery, and Mr. Miracle.
The new students were assembled at 3 a.m. at Kampus Bawah to follow the first agenda; that was discipline inspection. The committees check their attendance, attributes completeness, and also their assignments or projects. At that time, the committees found much indiscipline done by the new students. The most disappointed indiscipline was the late attendance done by a female student. She was late for about two hours.
At 5 a.m. the agenda was continued to the way to Wisma Nangun Kerti (WNK). All students and the committees went to WNK by buses served by the transportation committees. Each group was in one bus and was accompanied by some committees.
Arriving at WNK, the new students and the committees were asked to pray together by the spirituality committes. At 7.30 a.m. the REED 2011 was officially opened by the head of EED, Drs. I Wayan Japa, M.Hum in the camp field of WNK. Mr Wayan Japa welcomed all the new students and hoped that they enjoyed the REED 2011.
After that, the agendas were continued to the main agendas. They were yell competition, games, king and queen election, and out bond. In the yell competition, each group of students and each section of the committees were involved in that competition. After yell competition, each group collaborated with some committees were involved in two different interesting games. Those are caterpillar game and Pikagel game. At that time, the aim of the theme was applied well, because the students should work in a team. It was one of the ways of emerging solidarity. After the games finished, the agendas was King and Queen of REED 2011 Election. It was held in hall of WNK. There were already five couples elected candidates. The committees actually had selected the best three of them through interview some days before. However, the announcement of the best three was announced at that time. Then the best three candidates compete to be the real King and Queen of REED 2011. Finally, Ngurah Agung Riski Restuaji and Gusti A. Putu Diah Permata Sari AR became the King and Queen of REED 2011. After that, the students were challenged in a very challenging out bond. They were asked to follow the routes signaled by some particular signals. They had to pass four posts where they got some challenges. They had to do well in the given challenge to collect the maximum points. Then, Firestorm was the winner of the out bond finally.
After all agendas were done perfectly, the students were brought back to Kampus Bawah to do a closing ceremony. The closing ceremony of REED 2011 was the most different closing ceremony in comparison of the closing ceremony of REED. After the REED was officially closed by Mr. Wayan Japa, the students were flushed with the flowery water one by one in line. Then, they were asked to kiss the national flag, university (Undiksha) flag, and EED flag. The last but not the least, they were shaken all the committees hand whom already stood in line. Firework made it merrier. (Arik Budiarsana)



Note: this news was written rashly with no correction at the grammar, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation. In addition, the shallow knowledge of the writer makes it worse. Thus, I am so sorry if it looks imperfectly.
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)